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 หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Technology Utilization for Farm Management of Rubber Smallholding Among Rubber Ecological Zones) ผู้เขียน: Kanokporn Pakeechai, Buncha Somboonsuke, อรอนงค์ ลองพิชัย สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThe study compared rubber technology utilization, suitable technology, and the feasibility of investment in a rubber farming system among high, rolling, and plain areas of rubber ecological zones. A sample of 158 smallholding rubber farms was selected by purposive sampling. Structured questionnaires and an in-depth interview were used for data collection in the study area. The results revealed that farmers in all three rubber ecological zones did not follow some of the technical recommendations of the Rubber Research Institute of Thailand regarding the rubber clone, tapping system, and fertilizer application. This has resulted in all zones having lower rubber productivity compared to the standard yield. Financial analysis showed that farms in rolling areas had the highest average latex yield with 265.68 kg/rai/yr. The net profit was highest for farms in this ecological zone as well, at around 5,415.52 baht/rai/yr. Moreover, the results of the financial investment analysis of the rubber smallholdings showed that the net present value, benefit cost ratio, and internal rate of return were highest for this ecological zone with around 29,970.13 baht/rai/yr. 1.46 times, and 9 percent, respectively. Recommendations were made regarding the application of rubber production technology. For example, in high areas, rubber smallholders should prepare terraces and grow a cover crop to prevent soil erosion, while in rolling areas, rubber smallholders should use a disease-resistant rubber clone and the double cut alternative tapping system (DCA). For plainareas, rubber smallholders should prepare land by adopting raised bedding. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Potential, Capacity and Development of Hired Labor in Smallholding Rubber Production System: Lesson Learned from Traditional Rubber Area, Songkhla Province) ผู้เขียน:Buncha Somboonsuke, Wanchai Dhammasaccakarn, Parinya Cherdchom, อรอนงค์ ลองพิชัย, Purawich Phitthayaphinant สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThis study investigated the dynamics, conditions of using hired labor, working characteristics, wages of hired labor, and guidelines for increasing the working efficiency of the hired labor of rubber farmer households in Songkhla province. A total sample of 395 rubber smallholding households that used hired labor was used for data collection through structured interviews. Also, 60 households of the total sample were used for in-depth interviews. Descriptive statistics were used for data analysis. The results classified the dynamics of hired labor into 5 periods; (1) before 1960: traditional rubber production, (2) 1961-1980: green revolution, (3) 1981-1992: alternative agriculture, (4) 1993-2002: initial industrial rubber production, and (5) 2003 to present: industrial rubber production. There was an increase in hired labor in rubber production with more complications in the hired labor process. There were 5 types of hired labor according to the sources of labor: relatives as hired labor, villagers as hired labor, different district or province hired labor in the south, different farmer households had a tendency to hire more tapping labor. This would affect the benefits of sharing between owners and hired laborers that could be divided into 3 patterns of: contract agreement, daily wage paid, and wage paid by activity. In the contract agreement, benefit ratios between owners and hired laborers were 60:40, 55:45, 50:50, and 70:30. Choosing a benefit ratio would depend on: (1) the skill and experience of the hired labor in working in rubber plantations, (2) the number of household laborers, (3) local wage rates and contract agreement characteristics, (4) farm size holding and labor capacity, (5) the impact of socio-economics, environment, policy, and politics, and (6) the frequency of tapping to increase family income when there was a high rubber price. The guidelines for the development of hired labor in the rubber production system were: (1) strengthening the socio-economic status of hired labor, (2) promoting relationships between owners and hired labor, (3) improving the bio-physical characteristics of the rubber plantation area, (4) promoting fair conditions and a contract agreement of benefits, (5) improving labor quality, and (6) increasing the skill of tapping and working hired labor through knowledge transfer and training processes. |
หัวเรื่อง:ไม่มีชื่อไทย (ชื่ออังกฤษ : Determinants of Adoption of Crop Diversification by Smallholder Rubber Producers in Southern Thailand: Implications on Natural Resource Conservation) ผู้เขียน:อรอนงค์ ลองพิชัย สื่อสิ่งพิมพ์:pdf AbstractThere is little empirical evidence regarding the local and internal drivers of diversification in rubber farming systems and crop diversification affecting the decisions of households in undertaking resource conservation measures. This study aimed to analyze the determinants of crop diversification and their effect on natural resource conservation. Primary data were collected from 200 farm households using a structured questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, logistic regression, and multiple regression were used to analyze the data. The results indicated that 70 percent of the sampled farmers have diversified their farming systems. Logistic regression analysis indicated a significant influence of several factors on the adoption of crop diversification by farmers: lack of water, attendance at agricultural training, rubber price fluctuations, savings, and schooling period. Multiple regression analysis, performed to explore the impact of crop diversification on natural resource conservation at the farm household level, revealed that diversified farming systems have a positive influence on natural resource conservation practices along with the other significant influencing factors of: attendance at agricultural training, schooling period, lack of water, and poor soil fertility. This study has practical implications for the present and future of crop diversification and natural resource conservation promotion in rubber farming systems. |